What is Addison's disease in Humans

Addison's disease Treatment

What is Addison's disease in Humans - Addison's disease is a disorder that comes about a result of the adrenal glands can not production hormones in sufficient quantities.

Aldosterone deficiency causes one's body to release plenty of sodium and potassium resist. This leads to low levels of sodium and high potassium levels in the blood. This makes people who have excessive urination and dehydration may occur. Severe dehydration and low sodium levels also can result in a decline in blood volume which enables it to cause shock.

Cortisol deficiency causes increased insulin sensitivity providing a reduction in blood sugar levels (hypoglycemia). In addition, cortisol deficiency also disturbs carbohydrate metabolism of proteins, particles fighting infection and controlling inflammation. Muscles become weak, plus the cardiac muscle that could not pump blood adequately, and could decrease blood pressure levels.

CAUSE

Addison disease occurs due to destruction of the cortex on the adrenal gland. This damage causes disruption from the manufacture of hormones in the adrenal cortex.

Adrenal gland is made of two parts, namely the cortex (outer) and medulla (inside). The outer perhaps the adrenal gland (cortex) is made of three zones, namely:

    Zona glomerulosa, the outermost layer of the adrenal gland. At this layer are cells that produce hormones mineralocorticoid (aldosterone especially) that serves to help keep blood pressure and fluid and electrolyte balance within the body by helping the kidneys hold sodium and potassium release. When aldosterone production is not high enough, the kidneys cannot regulate fluid and electrolyte balance, causing a drop in blood volume and blood pressure level. What is Addison's disease in Humans

    Fasikulata zone, that's the greatest area of the adrenal cortex. At this layer are cells that produce glucocorticoids (cortisol) that affects virtually all organs and tissues in the body. The hormone cortisol is essential to aid the body manage stress and give rise to maintaining hypertension, heart function, arteries, slowing down the immune system's respond to inflammation, keep glucose levels, and regulate the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.

    Reticular zone, which produces the hormone androgen.

Addison's disease symptoms

The adrenal cortex damage may be caused by:

- Autoimmune disorder, in which the body's defence mechanism attacks the adrenals

- Infections, like tuberculosis, HIV, or fungal infections

- Bleeding / lose copious amounts of blood

- Tumor

- The application of blood-thinning medication (anticoagulant drugs)

Adrenal cortex damage occurs slowly. Approximately 80% of Addison's disease is caused by an autoimmune disease. Adrenal insufficiency happens when the damage was at the least 90% on the adrenal cortex. This resulted, decreased production of cortisol and aldosterone. Sometimes this autoimmune disease with the adrenals only alone, playing with other cases, this autoimmune disorder also about other endocrine glands, causing a deficiency syndrome poliendokrin.

In addition, the one that received corticosteroid therapy in large doses and duration, eg Prednisone, adrenal function may be depressed. This pressure is a result of the bigger amounts of corticosteroids stop the hypothalamus and hypophysis produces hormones that stimulate the adrenal function. If your person stops taking corticosteroids suddenly, the entire body can not recover quickly in order that adrenal function can occur adrenal hormone deficiency (Addison's disease-like conditions). Therefore, if a person has consumed corticosteroids over a few weeks, to drug discontinuation done slowly, by gradually lowering the dose corticosteroids for a couple of weeks or sometimes months.

SYMPTOMS

After Addison's disease occurs, patients usually feel weak, tired, and dizzy particularly when standing after sitting or laying. Signs of Addison's disease may develop slowly and imperceptibly usually within a quarter or so, include:

    Fatigue and muscle weakness

    Decreased appetite and weight-loss

    Skin becomes darker (hyperpigmentation)

    Loss of blood pressure levels, even fainting

    Taste want to eat salty foods

    Hypoglycemia (low blood glucose levels)

    Nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea

    Pain inside the joints or muscles

    Depression

    Body thinning hair or lack of staying power in women

The signs of Addison's disease can sometimes occur suddenly and heavily. Treatment plans is termed Addisonian crisis or acute adrenal insufficiency. Adrenal crisis usually happens when the body is experiencing severe stress, such as surgery, serious injury, or severe infection. The symptoms that could be seen in Addisonian crisis include: stabbing pain within the spine ., abdomen, or leg suddenly, vomiting and severe diarrhea, dehydration, low high blood pressure, high potassium levels (hyperkalemia), and loss of consciousness. If Addisonian crisis just isn't treated, it may be fatal.

At Addison's disease, pituitary to provide more corticotropin that allows you to stimulate the development of hormones with the adrenals. Corticotropin and also energizes the production of melanin, making the epidermis and mucosa of patients often formed a dark pigmentation (hyperpigmentation). Darker skin might resemble through the sun, there is however the uneven area. Hyperpigmentation is most clearly noticed in skin scarring, skin folds, which frequently places emphasis, such as elbows, knees, toes, lips, and mucous membranes.

Addison's disease sodium

Diagnosis

Because of the slow lifetime of the illness, Addison's disease initially can be hard to undiagnosed. Normally a severe stress for instance surgery, severe infection, or injury, causing more pronounced symptoms and may bring about Addisonian crisis.

Besides the anamnesis and symptoms, laboratory tests are needed to confirm the existence of adrenal insufficiency. At Addison's disease, blood tests can be located that low sodium levels, low blood glucose, high potassium, low cortisol and corticotropin which can be high. Also usually also found how the kidneys are not functioning properly.

TREATMENT

Treatment for Addison's disease is usually to provide HRT to fix the hormone levels usually are not created by the adrenal glands. Given hormone-replacement therapy are:

- Corticosteroids

Hydrocortisone or prednisone can be inclined to replace the cortisol levels are low. Fludrocortisone could be fond of replace aldosterone. Typically, treatment starts with the administration of hydrocortisone or prednisone orally (by mouth). However, those who have severe pain medication given by injection to start with then can continue orally. Because the body normally produces by far the most cortisol every day, Hydrocortisone really should be administered in divided doses, with a lot of with the dose the next day. Hydrocortisone really should be taken daily throughout the lifetime of the person. Larger doses of hydrocortisone needed if experiencing stress conditions, such as severe illness or surgery, and may even need to be distributed by injection in the event the patient to see severe diarrhea or vomiting. Some patients should get Fludrocortisone daily to keep the body's sodium and potassium levels.

- Androgen replacement therapy

Supplemental testosterone for men is frequently not essential. That face men, hormone deficiency can be treated with testosterone continues to be produced from the testes. Replacement therapy with dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) can be given to women.

What is Addison's disease in Humans