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DEFINITION
Leprosy (Hansen's disease), or alias leprosy, is really a chronic infection brought on by the bacteria Mycobacterium leprae. This ailment causes destruction of the nerves, especially on the edges (nerves outside the brain and vertebrae), skin, mucous membranes on the nose, testicles (testes) and the eyes.
CAUSE
Leprosy is due to the bacterium Mycobacterium leprae.
Modes of transmission of leprosy is not known with certainty. However, the condition could be transmitted for every person via droplets from your nose or mouth associated with an infected person and droplets containing the bacteria is inhaled or touched lepers by healthy people. However, after hitting the ground with the bacteria, many people are not come across leprosy. About 50 % of of patients struggling with leprosy due to the chance of close connection with an infected person for a long time. Regular contact along with a short time won't often transmit the sickness. Leprosy just isn't so just spread just by touching lepers. Health workers often treat patients with leprosy for decades without contracting leprosy. Leprosy may also be transmitted through soil, armadillos, and bedbugs. Approximately 95% of individuals come across the bacteria would not have leprosy leprosy because their defense mechanisms manages to fight infection.
Diseases that will occur mild (tuberculoid leprosy) or severe (lepromatous leprosy). Tuberculoid leprosy patients ordinarily have a milder disease, much less common, and not so contagious. Whereas in lepromatous leprosy, the condition is a lot more severe, frequent, and infectious.
Greater than 5 million people worldwide are infected with that germ. Leprosy are most numerous in Asia, Africa, Latin America and islands in the Pacific Ocean. Infection can take place at all ages, frequently from your day of 20 and 30s. Lepromatous form 2 times more usual in men than women. About Hansen Disease More in
SYMPTOMS
Leprosy-causing bacteria multiply very slowly, making sure that new symptoms appear no less than 1 year after infection (median emerged in year 5-7). Symptoms and signs that appear be based upon the patient's immune response.
Leprosy mainly skin and peripheral nerves. Symptoms that can be purchased in the sort of a regular rash and bumps. Infections of your skin nerves become numb or weak muscles in the region furnished by the affected nerve.
Specific symptoms that appear vary, depending on the form of leprosy:
Tuberculoid leprosy: a rash on the skin, which can be made up of one or several flat white area. Affected epidermis being numb with the bacteria damage the nerves.
Lepromatous leprosy: arrive lots of small bumps or rashes larger stand with various shapes and sizes around the skin. San francisco spa areas experiencing numbness compared with tuberculoid leprosy, and weakness may occur on certain muscle tissue. Body hairloss can happen, including eyebrows and eyelashes. Most of the skin many body parts that may be affected, for example the kidneys, nose, and testis.
Leprosy borderline (borderline): includes a picture of these two sorts of leprosy.
If your situation improves, it will resemble tuberculoid leprosy; when kaeadaannya deteriorate, it'll resemble lepromatous leprosy.
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Varieties of leprosy determine the long-term prognosis, possible complications and the requirement for antibiotics.
One of the most severe symptoms are caused by infection with the peripheral nerves. Mycobacterium leprae could be the only bacterium that infects the peripheral nerves and most of its complications would be the direct consequence of the entry of bacteria to the peripheral nerve. These bacteria tend not to invade the brain and vertebrae. Damage to the peripheral nerves causing disruption inside sufferer to feel touch, pain, and temperature (hot or cold). Because of this, patients who may have peripheral nerve damage most likely are not conscious of burns, cuts or other injuries that hurt herself. Repeated damage can eventually bring about lack of fingers and toes. Also, peripheral nerve damage can also cause muscle weakness that causes deformity. For example, the fingers might be weak, so the fingers bend inwards, like claws. Weakness inside the legs causing limp legs. Therefore be looked horrible leper.
Infections of the skin can cause swelling and areas lumps, which mainly will make changes (disorder) face shape.
Other places in the body that can be affected by:
Feet: may form wounds around the soles from the feet, so the patient feels pain when walking
Nose: problems for the nose could cause a stuffy nose and bleeding at the nose, if left unattended will cause erosion on the button
Eye: destruction of a person's eye could cause glaucoma or blindness
Sexual function: men with lepromatous leprosy may feel erectile dysfunction and become infertile. Infection can lower testosterone levels and sperm production from the testes
Renal: renal impairment may occur. In severe cases, renal failure may appear
During the course of their illness, either treated you aren't treated, the defense mechanisms can form an inflammatory reaction, which sometimes arise as fever and inflammation on the skin, peripheral nerves, lymph nodes, joints, testes, kidneys, liver and eyes.
Diagnosis
Allegations of leprosy appeared depending on the symptoms available. Diagnosis was confirmed by microscopic examination of the tissue examples of infected skin.
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TREATMENT
Antibiotics can stop the progression in the disease, nonetheless it can not restore nerve damage or deformity containing occurred. Therefore, detection and early therapy is essential.
Because some mycobacteria resistant to certain drugs, which is given many style of medicine to take care of it. The medicine is chosen with regards to the sort of leprosy that happen.
One of the most widely used antibiotics to deal with leprosy is dapsone, pretty cheap and usually safe. Sometimes these drugs cause allergy symptoms such as skin rashes and anemia. Rifampicin would be the drug which is more costly plus much more powerful than dapsone. The most serious complication is liver damage and symptoms that resemble the flu. Other antibiotics that can be given is clofazimine, Minocyclin, and Ofloxacin
Antibiotic therapy really should be continued for a long time considering that the bacteria that creates leprosy difficult obliterated. Treatment could be continued until a few months or maybe more, with regards to the severity of the problem plus the physician's judgment. Many patients with lepromatous leprosy is dapsone consumes his life.
PREVENTION
First member physique changes due to leprosy sufferers cause exiled and isolated. Early treatment can stop the occurrence of deformities, but sufferers have a tendency to experience psychological and social problems.
You don't need to be isolated. Leprosy is only contagious when specific to untreated lepromatous form and also then not only be transmitted to others. In addition, so many people are naturally immune to leprosy and only those invoved with close contact in the long term are near riskly for contracting.
The top prevention is to avoid contact with body fluids or skin lesions of patients with leprosy. BCG vaccine, which is often used in order to avoid tuberculosis, provide little protection for leprosy, however it is infrequently used to be a leprosy prevention.
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