What are the kidneys?

What are the kidneys? 

The kidneys play an important role in the function body, not just filter the blood and eliminate waste, but also to balance the level of electrolyte levels in the body, controlling blood pressure and stimulates red blood cell production. 

What are the kidneys? 

The kidneys are located in the stomach to the back, usually one on each side of the spinal cord. They get the blood supply through the arteries of the kidney directly from the aorta and send blood to the heart through the veins of kidney veins Cava. (The term "failure" is derived from the Latin word for kidney.) 

The kidneys have the ability to calculate the amount of body fluid concentrations of electrolytes like sodium and potassium, and acid-base balance of the body. To filter the waste products of body metabolism such as urea from protein metabolism and DNA degradation of uric acid. Two of waste can be measured in blood: blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr). 

When the blood reaches the kidneys, adrenals sensors determine the amount of water that separates the urine concentration of electrolytes. For example, if a person is dehydrated from exercise or illness, the kidneys as much water as possible to keep the urine is very concentrated. When enough water is present in the body, urine is more diluted, and the urine is clear. This system is under control command of kidney hormones, which are part of the fluid and blood pressure regulating systems in the body.

The kidneys are the source of erythropoietin in the body, a hormone that stimulates red blood cells, the products of the bone marrow. Specific cells in the kidney monitor the oxygen concentration in the blood. If oxygen levels fall, erythropoietin levels and the body began to grow more red blood cells do. 

After the urine from the kidneys filter the blood, is excreted through the urethra, a thin tube connected to the bladder. What is stored in the reception of urine when the bladder sends urine from the bladder through the body of the urethra. 

What causes kidney failure? 

Kidney failure can occur in acute or chronic problems. 

In acute renal failure, the kidney is lost rapidly and can occur for a variety of insults to the body. The list of causes are often classified according to which the injury occurred. 

Pre-renal causes (pre = before renal failure +), because the blood flow to the kidney. Examples of pre-renal causes of renal failure are: 

hypovolemia (low blood volume), blood loss; 

dehydration from loss of body fluids (eg, vomiting, diarrhea, sweating, fever); 

Lack of fluids; 

drugs, for example, diuretics ("water pills") causes an excessive loss of water and 

renal blood flow and abnormal due to obstruction of the renal artery or vein. 

The causes of renal failure (kidney damage immediately after treatment) is as follows: 

Sepsis: The body's immune system is overcome and the infection causes inflammation and closure of the kidneys. This is not usually a urinary tract infection. 

Medications: Some medications are toxic to the kidneys, NSAIDs such as ibuprofen and naproxen. Other potentially toxic drugs are the aminoglycoside antibiotics, such as [gentamicin (Garamycin), tobramycin], lithium (Eskalith, Lithobid), medications containing iodine, such as injection of contrast medium for X-ray studies 

Rhabdomyolysis: This is a situation where there is a significant body of muscles damaged muscle fibers filled renal filtration. This can happen because, crush injuries and burns trauma. Some medications used to treat high cholesterol can cause rhabdomyolysis. 

Immunotherapy 

Acute glomerulonephritis or inflammation of the glomeruli, the filtration system of the kidneys. Many diseases can cause inflammation, such as lupus erythematosus, Wegener's granulomatosis and Goodpasture syndrome. 

Post renal causes of renal failure (post = after = kidney +), taking into account the factors that influence the production of urine 

Obstruction of the bladder or ureter may cause back pressure, because the kidneys are producing urine, but acts as a barrier dam, and the urine collected in the kidney. When the pressure rises enough, the kidneys are damaged and closed. 

Prostate cancer or enlarged prostate can block the urethra and prevents the bladder from emptying. 

Tumors of the stomach around the urethra and obstruction. 

Kidney stones. Typically, kidney stones affects the kidneys, causing kidney failure. However, if only present in the kidneys can cause kidney stones in kidney failure isolation. 

Chronic kidney failure develops over months and years. The most common causes of chronic renal failure is associated with: 

Poorly controlled diabetes, 

little control high blood pressure, and 

Chronic glomerulonephritis. 

Under the causes of chronic renal failure are: 

Polycystic Kidney Disease 

reflux nephropathy, 

and kidney stones 

prostate disease. 

What are the kidneys?